Robert newell



`To all whom t may concern:

. UNITEDsTATEs rATENT crimen- ROBERQL` NEWELL, OF NEW YORK, N.

PERIVIUTATION SAFETY-LOCK.

Specification of` Letters Patent No. 8,145, dated June 10`, 1851.

Be it known that I, ROBERT NEWELL, of the city of New York, lock manufacturer, have invented, made and applied` to use certain new and useful improvements in the construction of locks that are used for the vaults of banks or any place where more than usual .security is required; that said improvements are partly based upon any invention patented `by me onthe seventeenth day of September, one thousand eighthundred and forty-four, but these improvements differ with this former invention, first, in

, thefact that the tumblers and slides have a direct connection when the lock is unlocked, so that on commencing to lock the tumblers lift and adjust the slides, independently of, but at the same instant, that the followers are lifted by springs, and at the halfturn of the proper key the slides are detached from the tumblers, but the slides are not detached from the followers, until the locking motion .is completed, when any improper movement of the tumblers will not then affect the slides themselves to permit the withdrawal of the bolt or the discovery of the positions in which the slides `have been placed, while locking, whereas in the former invention, the slides were lifted by the followers and springs alone as these rose to follow the tumblers; secondly, these improve-` ments comprise a means of preventing the introduction or use of any false instrument or pick after any movement of the parts by` making `the iirst movement of the parts cover the key hole; thirdly, these. improve-` ments comprise meansjof protecting a lock from the eects of gunpowder introduced at the keyhole, said improvements separately and collectively comprising parts and movements and eifectsnot included or implied in my former patent, and that the construction, operation, an'd effects `of the said improvements are fully` and substantially set forth and shown in the following description and in the drawing annexedto and making part of this specification of `my said improvements, in which parts shown in my former` patent are also shown and used, but are associated with other and different parts. l

The Figure 1, is afull elevation, representing the entire lock, when unlocked, fitted with these improvements, the cover plate being removed; Fig. 2, represents the inner face of the cover plate; Fig. 3, is an elevation of the lock, complete, showing the exa parallel slide slot 8, and stump these appear in the shank B1, together with terior of the cover plate, with the detector lever, and key hole guard, and cam point to movel` the second `detent of the bolt, as when the bolt is`unlocked,`and the parts at rest; the position of the connections with the bolt, whenlocked, being shownbv dotted lines; Fig. 4, represents the same as Fig. 3, when the parts are at the half motion, either way; Fig. 5, represents the interior, `when half locked, or unlocked, the detector tumbler c, and parting plates, seen in Fig. 1, all removed; Fig. 6, is an elevation of the bolt and dogs, as in the boX, `the tumblers, and other moving parts removed; Fig. 7, is a detached side elevation of the auxiliary followers to the tumblers, which lift the principal followers, and serve the purpose of parting plates to the followers; Fig. 8, is a detached` front and side elevation, of the followers; Fig. 9, is a detached front and side elevation ofthe slides; Fig. 10 is a de governs the detector lever, and key hole guard; and Fig. lll,` is a vertical cross section of the powder cylinder, escape hole, safety block, and of the key, as in place, at the line 1, 1, of Figs. 1 and 5. v

Similar letters andnumbers, as marks of reference, apply to the like parts, in all the several figures; and the figures are consecutivelyreferredto, as needed, in aid of the following description, of the several parts.

A,`is the box, orcase, containing the working parts of the lock,y2,2, 2, are studs, to support .the cover"plate, so as not to press on the working parts; 3, 3, 3, arescrews and nuts, to retain the cover plate; B, is the bolt head; B1, is the bolt shank; B2, the bolt pendent, shown lse'parately, in Fig.` V6, as

`fitted with the4 locking talon `1, unlocking talon 5, detent notch 6, when unlocked, and

detent talon 7, acting whenlocked; and with other parts hereafterreferred to, as connected with other motions.

10 are the horizontal, and 11, the vertical separating walls,` in` the box A, and 12,013,

are two parts of the vertical walls, shown` as 9. All

fitted on the cover plate c, Fig. 2. These o ccupy the corresponding places, inside the box A. These walls, or partitions, are applied to the same use, as the like parts, that are described and claimed in my patent of seventeenth day of September, one thousand eight hundred and forty four, and are therefore distinctly disclaimed herein. a, are the tumbler plates, having legs al, passing to the right of the key hole, between guide studs 14, and with arms a2, at the top sliding between guide studs 15, 15. These parts insure the vertical motion ofthe tumblers a, when lifted by the key bits, or other means, acting on the arc between the legs and walls; the arms a3 to the left pass inside of the parts 11, and 12,'

of the vertical walls. Each tumbler is fitted with a horizontal opening, each to take the arm of a separate depressing lever amounted on one stud 16, as a fulcrum, and fitted each with a spring 17, the operation of which is, to depress the points of the levers, and keep the tumblers down. Each tumbler is also fitted with an elbow a5, to the arms a3, each elbow finishes as a tenon 18, for a use shown hereafter. Above and behind the tumblers, a detent dog and tooth as, on a stud 19, takes the detent notch 6, on the bolt shank B1, when unlocked; and takes the detent talon 7, when locked; and is fitted with a spring 20, operating to keep the detent down to the bolt shank, except when raised by the pin 21, which overlies the whole of the'tumblers a, so that the dog is raised, and leaves the bolt so far free to move, when anyone of the tumblers is fully lifted from below. The tumblers are kept separate, by parting plates a7, having lips 2 2, as is shown in my patent of the seventeenth September 1844.

a8, see Fig. 7, are both parting plates land movable auxiliary followers to the principal followers, and have lips 23, that support the lower ends of the principal followers, and carry them up, when lifted, as hereafter shown. The principal followers a9, shown detached in Fig. 8, are tted with jaws 24, having indents, or saw teeth veut on their ends, end are placed with their lower ends on the lips 23, of the auxila-ry followers as, so that the upper sides of the lips 23, support the shank a9 ofthe followers, and the under side of each lip 23, takes the point of a separate follower lever a", set on a fulcrum stud 26, with a springv 25, that 'constantly tends to raise the auxiliary followers as, and followers a", but is not strong enough to raise these, against the springs 17, until the tumble'rs are raised, to lock or unlock the bolt. The followers and their parting plates 'are kept in place by the studs' 27. On the bolt 'pendent B2, is a guide plate t, and studs 28, serving as vertical guides to the slides b1, shown `detaehed in Fig. 9, as made with tongues 29, that lit into the jaws 24, of the followers a9, the points of the tongues being indented, in the same manner as the ends of the jaws 24. Near the top, on the right of the shank, each slide has a mortise, or notch 30, that takes the tenons 18, on the ends of the elbows a5 of the tumblers; and on t-he rising of the tumblers a, the springs 26, and levers a9 lift the auxiliary followers a8, and followers a", so that though the tumblers lift the slides, independently of the followers, the followers move at the same instant with the slides. On the opposite side of the sha-nk b1, each slide is fitted with teeth 31, these parts are kept separate, by the parting plates ax, shown in the detached Fig. 10. Above the slides l, a fulcrum 32, on the bolt shank B1, carries a detent lever b2, fitted as shown in Figs. 1, 5, 11, and 12, with a tusk 33, taking and holding the teeth 31, on the slides, at the height to which the tumblers may have raised them, as shown in Fig. 5. The lever Z22, has an arm b4, projecting under the bolt head B, the end of this arm lies against the end of a parallel block 34, on the bracket b3, that is screwed on the box A, and the end of the-arm b4, is made with a hook 36, that when unlocked, lies between the block 34, and stud 35, that is fitted on the bracket 63;

On locking, the block 34, keeps the arm 724, from swinging forward, until the lever b2, is vertical; when the movement, on the Acenter 32, has carried the end of the arm b4, below the block 34, and at the same time, placed the tusk 33, in the teeth 31, to hold the slides; and on unlocking, the tusk 33, holds up the slides, while the jaws 24, take the tongues 29, and until the tenons 18, take the notches 30, in the slides, at this instant, the stud 35, takes and holds on the hook 36, on the arm b4, and detaches the tusk 33, from the teeth 31, on the slides, and leaves them free to descend with the tumblers and followers. At b5, a crank lever, on a fulcrum 37, with a spring 38, carries a vertical dog 736, that takes in a notch, or talon, 39, on the pendent B2,the other end of the lever carries a tusk 40, that takes notches, near the lower ends of the auxiliary followers, a8, and followers ar. When any one of the tumblers is improperly lifted, so as to lift the detent dog a6, and pressure applied to the talon 5, causes, or allows, an end shake to the bolt, in the least degree, the top of the dog h6, enters the notch or talon 39, in the bolt pendent B2, and the spring beneath makes the tusk 40, enter the n'otches in front of it, this both holds theV followers, and auxiliary followers, that are in their correct position, and prevents any other follower lfrom lifting, with any other tumbler, until the power on the talon 5, is taken off, and the proper key applied to the lock; and if the least motion is given to any other tumbler, the tusk causes of the bolt shank B1, when unlocked, and

taking the talon 44, when locked; a pin45, projects through a horizontal slot in the cover' plate, to take and be acted on, bythe campolnted arm 06, of the detector lever D.`

A small wall 46, is placed under the tumbler legs, and between the powder cylinder c4,

\ and the dog 58, to stop'any pick from reaching the dog, and prevent any powder reaching that partof thelock. Y i

c, is the `tumbler that governs -the ment of the detectorile'ver D, and key hole guard c3, having on1 the back, a pin47, that overlies the whole ofthe tumblers a, and a second pin 48, ongithe same side, that @verlies the jaws 24, of the followers. In front, and at top,a pin 49,comes throughavertical slot, in the cover plateC, rinto a radial slot,in the shortest arm c1, of the lever D, this works on a fulcrum 50, with a spring 51, set to lift the longest arm c2; these carry a segment 52,

that works over a horizontal slot in the cover detector lever, depressing the longer arm,

plate C, whichisfitted to pass a stump :53, on thebolt. B, which stump `lies before the segment 52, on a lip, when the boltis locked, as shown by'dotted lines Fig. 3; and a circular slot 54, behind the segment 52, takes the stump 53, as the bolt is retracted, as shown by the full lines, in Fig. 3. The `detector lever D, carries also `a covering plate @3,witha notch 55. As the lever D, swings in opening or shutting the lock, this notch passes a neck 50, in the key shank, which neck is made around the shank, next above the drill pin cylinder 66, of nearly the same size as the drill pin 57; andthese parts are so adjusted, that the plate, c3, comes over the key hole, when the tumbler c, is raised, so that if the cylinder c, is moved, for the purpose of blowing powder into `the lock, by a blow pipe, the plate o3, prevents the introduction of a blow pipe after moving the cylinder c4; and if the blow pipe is introduced `first, the cylinder c4, will not move, because the plate c3, will stop against theblow pipe, and prevent any further movement ot' the part, between itself, and the `cylinder c4.

In the plate A, see Fig. 6, a 4circular groove 58, receives the inner end of the powder cylinder et, and a similar groove 59, on the inside of `thecover plate c, re-` ceives the outer end of the powder cylinder, Varound the key hole; 05, are cam ianches, around the cylinder c4, the points 60, of which take the arc of, and raise the tumbler c, so soon as the key, or pick, commences to turn the cylinder 04,' and by raising the tumbler c, lifts the arm c1, of the so that the plate c3, comes over the key hole;

the notch 55, passing the neck 56, in the key shank.` A slot 61, in the cylinder 04, permits the key bits to pass in, anda stop block 62, underlies the slot 61, when at rest, so that very little more gunpowder can be placed into the lock, through the key hole, than the `cylinder 04, will contain, anda groove inthe block 62, leads to a hole 63,

through the case A, by which `powder will run out, unless the hole is plugged; and immediately'under the drill pin 57,` and above the block 62, an opening is made through the rcase A, that receives a block 64, tted in so tight, as `not to shake out, but to be gunpowder, placed in the cylinder c4, and. therebyl vent thelforce of the explosion', without injury to the lock, even if the hole 63, below, is plugged. e. l

A guard plate 65, on the lever D, to the right of `the key hole, prevents any powder going that way,.between the lock and the v i j easily driven ,out behind `by an explosion of move door; and also intercepts any pick put in, v

to act on the pin 45, and move the dog 58. The cam formed piece c, is riveted on under the plate c?, and passes below the plate 65, aswshown by separating lines, so that if a drill, orother means `are applied to remove the plate c3, the plate c6, drops awayyand still leaves `the pin 45, anddog bs, clear of any pick; but'inthis case, the lock cannot be opened, even with the proper key, until the door "plate is bored through, t-o reach the pin 45. When the lock is properly opened, or closed the campoint 06, forces the pin 45, to the right, and in either case, releases the dog 58, from the shank B1, and allows the motion of the bolt, the retraction ofthe partsallows the spring 42, to replace the dog 58.

The key shank and bow d, are shownin place in Fig. 14, with the neck 56, to take the notch 55, and cylinder 66, to take the drill pin 57, with the standing bits 67, and shifting bits and screws 68, all `as usual, in keys of this class. 'L On three of the sides of the lock boX A, a notch 69, is cut in, that serves to pass out, and waste, a considerable quantity of gun powder; and if gunpowder is, by any means, exploded between the lock plate and the door, the violence of the explosion spends itself through these openings. v

It will beunderstood, by the foregoing description of the construction, that the operation of these parts is as follows: On the key being introduced, at the key hole, and turned to lock the bolt, the standing bit take one edge of the slot 6l, and carry the cylinder et, around with them, the upper point 60, of the interrupted tianches c5, taking the arc of the tumbler c, lifts that vertically, the remainder of theflanch holding the tumbler; the pin 49, at the same time litt;

ing the short arm c1, of the detector lever D, moves the longer arm c2, downward, carrying the plate 03, laterally over and closing the key hole, the notch at 55, inclosing the neck 56, or the key shank; the cam point c6, taking the pin/45, removes the dog 118, from the notch 43; the motion taking down the stop 52, clear of the stud 53. The further rotation of the key, lift-ing the tumbler a, raises the detent dog a6, above the bolt, by the pin 21, so that when the standing key bit comes in contact with the locking talon 4, the lip 52, behind the stud 53, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 3, at the same time removing the key hole cover 03, and notch 55, so that the key can be withdrawn. It will be understood, that on completing the locking, the dog b, is depressed by the projection beyond the talon or notch 39, so that the tusk 40, does not touch the followers a, or auxiliary followers, and these, on unlocking, are raised to the proper height, before the bolt commences to move.

On the unlocking, the same motions of the principal tumblers, and followers, and detector tumbler and lever take place, up to the time the key bit takes the unlocking talon 5, when both the detent dogs a, and bs, are detached, and the bolt is at liberty 4to move, carrying the slides b1, and lips 30, to take the tenons 18 of the tumbler arms, and the tongues 29 into the jaws 24, of the followers, and at the moment the tenon 18, takes the notch or mortise 30, the stud 35, on the bracket 3, has taken the hook 36, on the under side of; the arm o4, and holding the lever b2, against the motion of the bolt, detaches the tusk 33, from the teeth 31, and leaves the slides at liberty to move downward, with the followers and tumblers, as the levers a?, and springs 17, act on the collective parts to depress them, the lifting spring 51, raising the longer arm of the lever D, and depressing the shorter arm c1, assists to send down the pin 49, on the tumbler c, andl with it the pin 48, and any one, or more, of the followers and slides that may stick from dust, or other local cause; this part of the lock being needed, where a lock is, from necessity, used in a horizontal position, or when, from any cause, the tumblers have been separately moved, by other means than the right key. In the foregoing movements, by the right key, the covering plate c3, has acted with the other parts, the notch 55, having taken the neck 56, in the key shank, and covered the key hole, at the commencement` of each movement, and uncovered it at the close.

These being the movements with the true key, the effects of entering a false key, or

pick, will be more readily understood to be as follows: If one false instrument is put into the key hole, so as in any degree to rotate the cylinder c4, the points 60, instantly lift the tumbler c, and through the lever D,

send the key hole cover plate c3 over the key hole, this shuts out a second instrument; if two, or more instruments, are put in togather, and rotated, and held, so that one point passing the slot 61, reaches the talon 5, and the second is employed to lift any given tumbler, the given follower will raise and the detent dogs a, b, and o8, will, at this moment, both be detached from the bolt shank, and the pressure on the talon 5, will give an end motion to the bolt, and bring the teeth, on the ends of the tongues, 29, and jaws, 24, intol contact, at the same time placing the small talon 39 and B2, over the top of the small dog b, b, which leaves the spring .38, at liberty to press the tusk 40, into the notches on the lower ends of the auxiliary followers as, and followers a9, so that if even a third, or more instruments, can be got in, to act on the tumblers, lthe remainder followers cannot move, until the bolt is released, and replaced; and during these false movements, no indication can be obtained,l

of the positions in which the tumblers and followers have left the slides, and by conscquence, ,the bolt cannot be thrown back, to open the door. p

If by any improper means, the locking talon 4, on the bolt shank should be reached, so as to take on the least portion of the lower angle, the key will not throw the bolt entirely out, on locking, and the upper and forward angle of the part 52, on the detector lever D, will stop under the back edge of the stump 53, and hold the part c3, over the key hole, thereby preventing the key coming out. By this, the owner of the lock will at once know that an improper attempt has been made to prevent the full locking action of the bolt, and thereby enable some one else to open the lock, by the counteracting parts not being fully in their places, as they must be, when the key hole is uncovered, whether the bolt head B, be fully out, as when properly locked, or in place when unlocked.

The elfectsof exploding gun powder in the lock have been detailed, in describing the parts, and need not be repeated here. The manner of applying the separating walls, or guard plates 10, 411, 12, and 13, being covered in my patent of 17 Sep., 1844, is expressly disclaimed herein; and the mode claimed, in the same patent, of combining and arranging the followers, jaws, tumbler arms, auxiliary followers, slides, and tongues, so far as is therein set forth, is also disclaimed herein the improvements on these parts being separately claimed, as acting with the old parts, as herein set forth.

Vhat I claim as new, and of my own invention and improvement, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, 1s,

1. The application of the lever b5, and dog b, with the tusk 40, to be acted on bythe talon 39, and allow the spring 38, `to throw the tusk 40, intothe notches on the lower part of the followers and auxiliary follow` ers, so as to prevent any' motion of these parts, if anyof thetumblersare lifted, after any end shake motion has been given to the bolt, by any improper attempt to unlock 2. The combination of the tumblers a, slides b1, and followers a9, through the tenons 18, notches 30, tongues 29, 'and jaws 24,

to lift theslides b1, and followers a9, to the place the followers a9, in the same positions as when the bolt was projected; substantially as describedand shown.

3. The mode described and shown, of so arranging and combining the cylinder o4, by the flanches c5, angles 60, tumblers c, and a, and pins 47, and 49, with the detector lever D, at t-he part c1, so that no one of the tumblers a, can be` separately lifted, `without placing the part 03, of the detector lever over the key hole, with the edges ofthe notch 55, covering the open space around the drill pin 57, by whichl arrangement no movement of the cylinder c4, can be made, without producing thesame effect; so that. if powder is introducedvinto the cylinder c4, and the cylinder is moved, with the intent of entering a blow pipe to spread the powder on either side of the cylinder, the part 03 and notch 55, instantly cover the key hole, and prevents the entry of the blow pipe for such a purpose; these parts being constructed, ar-

ranged, and operating substantially as de-A scribed and shown.

e 4. The combination of the cylinder 04, block 62, andhole `53, to receive and pass out any gunpowder put in, for the purpose of exploding to destroy the lock; and at the same time, prevent the powder from reaching any other part of the interior of the lock. 5. The application of the safety valve block 64, to vent the explosion of any gun- `powder, that may be confined in the cylinder 04, by plugging both the key hole, and the hole 63.

`6. i The mode of tting the key hole cover c3, with the notch 5,5, on the detector lever D, to match the neck 56, on the key shank, such means i. also preventing the introduction of any pick, or false` instrument, after any movement has been given to the cylinder 04,

'by the notch 55, being as small as the drill `pin 57.

7. The application of the guard piece 65, on thedetector lever D, to prevent a pick reaching the pin 45, of the detent dog 58.

8. The application of the cam pointed piece c, b on the detector lever D, to move the pin 47, anddetent dog bs, so attached, that if the key hole cover is cut or drilled off, the piece c, falls away, and leaves the detent dog bs, still holding the bolt.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my signature, this twenty ninth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and fifty.

y ROBT. N EWELL.

' Witnesses:

P. VAN SGHAACK, W. SEwnLL. 

